Beams of atoms and molecules are stalwart tools for spectroscopy and studiesof collisional processes. The supersonic expansion technique can create coldbeams of many species of atoms and molecules. However, the resulting beam istypically moving at a speed of 300-600 m/s in the lab frame, and for a largeclass of species has insufficient flux (i.e. brightness) for importantapplications. In contrast, buffer gas beams can be a superior method in manycases, producing cold and relatively slow molecules in the lab frame with highbrightness and great versatility. There are basic differences betweensupersonic and buffer gas cooled beams regarding particular technologicaladvantages and constraints. At present, it is clear that not all of thepossible variations on the buffer gas method have been studied. In this review,we will present a survey of the current state of the art in buffer gas beams,and explore some of the possible future directions that these new methods mighttake.
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机译：原子和分子束是光谱学和碰撞过程研究的坚定工具。超音速膨胀技术可以产生许多种原子和分子的冷束。但是，所产生的光束通常在实验室框架内以300-600 m / s的速度移动，并且对于大量种类的光束而言，对于重要应用而言，其通量（即亮度）不足。相反，在许多情况下，缓冲气体束可能是一种更好的方法，在实验室框架中产生高亮度和多功能性的冷分子和相对较慢的分子。超声和缓冲气冷梁在某些技术优势和约束方面存在根本差异。目前，很明显，尚未研究缓冲气体方法的所有可能变化。在这篇综述中，我们将对缓冲气束的最新技术现状进行一次调查，并探讨这些新方法可能采取的一些可能的未来方向。
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